Overview of Exodus

2 December 2007

 

I.  Introduction

Redemption is one of the compelling themes of the Bible.  We are all born in bondage and under the rule of a cruel and powerful Pharaoh.  God liberates us and smashes him.  The picture of this in the Old Testament is in the Book of Exodus.  I want to show that it is our story too (shadow/reality).  The Book has its title from the LXX.  Exodus means departure.  But the MT is entitled these are the names.  It links us to Genesis which closes with the twelve sons of Jacob in Egypt and outside the land of promise.  In Egypt, God will form them into a nation, liberate them, establish his presence, and lead them back to the land of promise.  It is a manifest display of his faithfulness to his word to Abraham.  Subject:  God’s holiness and power is revealed in redeeming his people from Egypt and in establishing their covenant identity and in warning them to persevere in that identity in order to reflect his holiness and power.  See 6:26, 19:5-6, and 40:34.  Purpose:  To establish the conditions for the divine presence.

II.  Outline

I.  In Egypt 1:1-15:21    The Birth and Liberation of a Nation

A.  Introduction 1:1-22

B.  God calls and commissions Moses as a deliverer.  2:1-4:31

C.  The contest with Pharaoh ends in his destruction and Israel’s deliverance.

5:1-15:21 [Strong man]

1.  God convinces Moses.  5:1-7:7

2.  The execution:  The ten plagues defeat Pharaoh.  7:8-11:10

a.  The prologue:  Moses presents himself at court.  7:8-13

b.  The epilogue:  Moses mediates the defeat of the court.  7:14-11:10

3.  The exodus:  The nation departs, experiences deliverance, and celebrates

the destruction of the court.  12:1-15:21

a.  The Passover is instituted as a perpetual remembrance of divine power

and their redemption.  12:1-13:16 [Lord’s Table/I Corinthians 5:7]

[Sovereignty]

b.  The pursuit by Pharaoh results in the destruction of the court in the Red

Sea and the nation’s deliverance through the red Sea.  13:17-14:31 Appl:

c.  The Song of Moses celebrates the divine deliverance.  15:1-21

II.  At Sinai 15:22-40:38 Revelation for a Nation to Meet with God

A.  Journey to Sinai:  God tests the people, they fail, and he graciously

provides for Them.  15:22-18:27

B.  God makes a covenant with his people.  19:1-24:18

1.  Prelude:  God proclaims the necessity of obedience through Moses.  19:1-25

2.  God issues the moral law.  20:1-17

3.  God expands the covenant 20:18-23:33

4.  The covenant is ratified by the people 24:1-18  Appl:  law/grace and the

necessity of obedience (old/new covenant/if/then) [Ability]

C.  God establishes the place of his meeting with the people.  25:1-31:18

[How and where we meet with God]  See Hebrews 8:1-5

D.  Aaron and the people rebel and counterfeit the place of the divine

presence and God judges them.  32:1-34:35 [They choose a different way.

Appl:  Today]

E.  The people repent and follow God’s plan for the place of the divine

presence, and God fills the tabernacle with his glory.  35:1-40:38  Appl:  the cultus was at the center of the nation (three tribes on each side).

 

Tragically, the nation forsakes its calling as priests, falls into idolatry, and repudiates its covenant loyalty.  The divine presence departs.  The result is bondage and the promise of a second exodus from Babylon.  But the pattern continues.  Israel as a Son of God fails.  See Exodus 4:22.  God raises up a new son.  See Isaiah 49:3.  Jesus goes down into Egypt.  See Matthew 2:13-15.  This is a citation from Hosea 11:1.  In 3:16, Jesus is baptized as a parallel to the Red Sea.  In 4:1, the Spirit leads him into the wilderness … for 40 days and 40 nights.  See Exodus 34:28.  In 5-7, he delivers as a greater Moses a greater law.  John presents to us his majesty as the fulfillment of the place of the glory presence of God.  Illus:  He is the light of the world; he is the bread of life; he is the Lamb of God.  See John 1:14 (tabernacled/shekinah glory).  In Luke 9:31, Moses and Elijah at the transfiguration speak to Jesus about his exodus (departure).  Thus, he succeeds where Israel failed.

 

The importance for us is that we need a greater Moses to effectually lead us.  We need the divine presence to empower us.  But we must learn from their failure.  See I Corinthians 10:11-12.  Our redemption means that God makes us holy that he might abide with us and manifest his presence.  It is grace that makes us so but the evidence is obedience to the covenant.  Illus:  Matthew 28:20.  It is critical that we embrace that a holy God presses us to holy living for which we will be persecuted.  See Revelation 12:6, 14-16.  As such, we manifest that we too fulfill the purpose of Exodus.  See Revelation 1:6.

Exodus 1:1-22

 

I.   Introduction

Two of the great themes in the Bible are oppression of God’s people and their deliverance.  It is a theme that dominates the first part Exodus and our advent season. 

II.  The Egyptians persecute Israel, but God blesses them.

1.  Our text this morning is an introduction.  The first half of our book has us in Egypt where God will birth and liberate his people.  The geography is important because John in Revelation 11:8 tells us that we live in spiritual Egypt.  It is a dangerous place for Christians for two reasons.  First, it is a place of allurement.  Second, it is a place of persecution.  ApplBarna and the abandonment of the traditional/neo-Christianity. 

2.  Thus, it is good to look at the past as a key to divine deliverance today.

3.  We learn that Israel is now outside the land of promise in Egypt.  A key to the passage is the Abrahamic covenant where we learn that the patriarch was to be the father of a great nation.  It will occur in Egypt; divine blessing during oppression.  The twelve sons of Jacob will become twelve tribes.  Initially, Egypt will bless Israel.  Here, they begin to curse her.  And God, true to his word to Abraham, will curse EgyptAppl:  God’s faithfulness/our comfort and protection as we are the sons of Abraham.  See Galatians 3:29 & Ephesians 2:12-13.

4.  The formation of the nation is highlighted in verse 7.  There are four verbs that suggest immense growth:  fruitful, swarm, become many, and are vast.  The first and third verbs (prh, rbh) mark this verse as an allusion to Genesis 1:28 where the same verbs are used.  This is Adam’s commission to expand the boundaries of Eden as a type of temple of the divine presence.  Adam failed.  The commission is re-issued in 9:1 and 17:6.  God is acting again to raise up a corporate Adam.  See Exodus 4:22.  Israel will fail too.  God will raise up the second Adam Christ who will succeed.  The twelve tribes become the twelve apostles.  The Great Commission is a re-issuance of the commission to Adam.  The new Israel will succeed.  See Acts 6:7, 12:24, 19:20 (context is oppression), and Colossians 1:6.  Appl:  continuity in redemptive history makes Exodus meaningful to us.

5.  The change to oppression comes in vs. 8.  Pharaoh will attempt to counter the blessing of God.  The previous kings saw Joseph as a blessing to Egypt in fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant.  The Church in “Egypt” is a blessing to the secular culture (education, hospitals, orphanages, rights for women, etc.).  But as secular culture rejects this, it also turns to persecution to destroy the people of God. 

6.  The covenant blessing is engaged in 8-14 when oppression takes the form of enslavement.  See 10-11.  He uses slave labor to build his kingdom at the expense of the kingdom of God.  Perhaps he reasoned that they would be too exhausted to procreate or that many would be killed in the construction projects.  But God counters him.  It is an implicit story line.  Read vs. 12.  In other words, God blesses his people in the oppression.  Ironically, here is the most powerful man in the kingdom of Egypt.  But his word is thwarted.  It is the curse of the Abrahamic covenant.  God’s word is supreme.  Men can resist and reject it, but they cannot stop it.  It will eventually stop them as we will see in the ironic destruction of Pharaoh.  See Isaiah 40:23-24, 46:8-11.  Appl:  Gospel (blessing/curse). 

7.  The covenant blessing is engaged in 15-22 when oppression will take the form of genocide. Read 15-16.  By application, this is a perversion of the role of civil government.  Slavery and state sponsored genocide are outside the proper role of government.  As such, it is proper for the Church to cry out against moral evil using non-violent civil disobedience.  This is a proper and necessary role of the Church.  In our text, God counters him.  The midwives fear Elohim.  We must fear God above the fear of man.  This is a great illustration of the sovereignty of God and the responsibility of man; specifically, God uses means to accomplish his purposes; in our case, the faithful midwives.  But behind them is God who has set fear in their hearts.  Read vs. 17-19.  There is further irony here.  The Hebrew women thwart the word of Pharaoh by not acting upon it because they know the word of God is greater.  Appl:  for us (word over our peers, colleagues, etc.).  And God blesses them (vs. 20).  And two of our verbs from vs. 7 reappear meaning blessing is occurring during oppression.

8.  In desperation, Pharaoh commands his people to throw the newborn babes into the Nile.  The Nile was a source of life; he will make it a source of death.  It manifests the depravity of Pharaoh.  God is greater than the Nile River god and will destroy Pharaoh for trying to curse his people.  See Psalm 69:2, Isaiah 43:16 & Revelation 12:15-16.  The great irony here is that this event becomes predictive of Pharaoh’s death.  He uses water to harm God’s people; God will use water on him. 

9.  Thus, God counteracts Pharaoh at every turn.  Pharaoh incites oppression.  God turns it into blessing.  Appl:  sovereignty in hardship/oppression.

10.  The greatest story of covenant blessing from oppression is Christ.  See Matthew 2:13.  Jesus, the true Israel, is spared by providence and becomes the source of blessing and ultimate deliverance.  Appl:  gospel/hope in hardship.

Exodus 2:1-10

 

I.   Introduction

The Advent season turns our thoughts to deliverance.  And this morning we have the great story of God providing a deliverer for us from a watery grave.  The fact is plain to see.  But the way that God does it is just as important.

II. God provides a deliverer.

1.  Our passage is part of the larger section in which God calls and commissions Moses as a deliverer (2:1-4:31).  It is the wonderful reminder that when the people of God are in distress, God acts to deliver them, and that he uses men and faith to affect the deliverance.  We will begin by looking at the fact of deliverance.

2.  The remarkable thing about the fact of deliverance is that the name of God is nowhere to be found and yet is found everywhere.  It is subtle yet deafening.  The first instance of his presence is vs. 2 with the phrase “that he was beautiful.”  The Hebrew is ki tob.  Literally, that (ki) he was good (tob).  See Genesis 3:6 and 6:2.  This is the reminder that appearances are deceiving.  But the phrase is also used in Genesis one (4, 10, 18, 21, & 31 [very good]).  And the latter is more informative for our text because it is the creation story of God’s sovereign power.  This is a creation story of redemption by God’s sovereign power.  The reader of the MT would make this connection and see the hand of God in providing for the nation in the birth of the child.  It is subtle yet profound for God is now on stage orchestrating salvation history.  He is present with us too!  The second instance of his presence is in vs. 3 with the word “basket.”  It seems inconsequential and innocuous.  But it is the same word used in Genesis 6:18 (ark).  God is going to re-create the world from the watery chaos of the flood.  It brings to mind the original creation.  See Genesis 1:2.  Yet, God will preserve Noah and his family in a basket because of his covenant.  As the water prevailed, the ark floated on the surface of the water.   And the climax is in 8:1.  God remembered Noah.  It is not that he had forgotten him.  But that God is now moving to re-create to fill the earth with Noah.  It is so with our story.  The young child is preserved from the watery chaos by God’s sovereign hand, and God will create the nation and fill Egypt with her presence.  The final instance of the divine presence is in the word for reeds.  The ark is placed among the reeds by the bank of the Nile.  The word “reeds” is used in the name of the Sea from which the nation is delivered.  Literally, the name is the Sea of Reeds.  See Exodus 13:18.  As God delivered the infant from the Nile, he will deliver the nation from the watery grave of the Sea.  God delivers us as well.  See Revelation 13:1 & 17:1.

3.  Yet, as important as the fact of deliverance is, so too is the way in which God delivers.  Appl:  Sovereignty and faith.

4.  The great object of redemption and salvation is the God of grace who acts to deliver.  But it is always apprehended by faith.  Men and women must trust God.  And this is another reason that this story is so grand.  It is the lesson that God uses means.  And that means is faith.  Appl:  Calvinism.

5.  The first great instance of faith is the mother of Moses who refuses to give in to the edict of Pharaoh.  See Hebrews 11:23.  The mother acts on faith.  And her faith leads her to take specific steps.  This is so critical.  We can trust God, but we must also apprehend that our faith must be active.  She could have said God will somehow work it out.  But this is not the beauty of the story.  It is that she acts.  Her faith informs action.  She hides Moses.  When this is no longer practical, she builds an ark and places him in the Nile.  This is a profound act of faith; yet, she is doing all she can do in recognizing that God uses means.  I think the placement of the ark is not fortuitous.  It is not chance.  She knew that the women of the court often used this place to bathe.  Therefore, it was a calculated act of faith.  Too, she is willing to commend her child to the hand of the enemy trusting that the women would have compassion as they saw her beautiful child.  It happens.  It is a great expression of sovereignty.  We must know that the place of danger can be made by God to be a place of safety.  The child was already in danger of death.  There can be no greater danger in the camp of the enemy.  The court knew he was a Hebrew by his circumcision.  God is sovereign in overruling the hearts of men.  Ironically, he will use one from the court of Pharaoh to destroy the court.  The court will preside over its own executioner.  I think the daughter of Pharaoh wanted a son perhaps because she could not have one.  And God gave her one.  And the mother stations her daughter to watch and to appeal to the princess with the logic that a nurse could be found among the Hebrew women.  And then Moses is taken back into his home, and we should well suspect that his parents trained him in the way that he should go.  In other words, she is taking every precaution, using every means possible, and leaving it all in the hands of God.  Appl:  we often err here.  See Philippians 2:12-13.  Thus, God will use a child to beat Pharaoh at his own game.  It is the object of faith and also the way of faith.

6.  We too must trust in a child during the advent season.  He comes out of Egypt (Cf. Matthew 2).  And he rules over the chaotic waters.  See Mark 4:37-41.  Christ is not frantic with worry.  He is the sovereign creator of the storm.  See also Mark 6:45ff.  Christ dispatches his disciples.  He sends a storm.  They are fearful of a watery grave.  But he conquers it (48-51).  Thus, the advent season is the fact of a birth and faith in what it means.

Exodus 2:11-22

 

I.   Introduction

Our text this morning is the anatomy of a success and a failure, and the faith that it takes to handle both.

II. God prepares the deliverer.

1.  The passage has two movements.  The first occurs in Egypt (11-15) where Moses experiences great success; unfortunately, they are not total.  He also fails.  The second movement is outside of Egypt (16-22) where he lives in the shadow of his failure and rejection. 

2.  We know that Moses was approximately forty years of age at the beginning of vs. 11.  We also know that he had received a classical court education (in paganism) but rejects it.  See Acts 7:22-23 & Hebrews 11:24-26.  While in the court, he is not of the court.  He rejects his adopted identity.  By faith, he does not forget who he is.  Appl:  You are in the world but you cannot buy into the world system and adopt its conduct.  You are different.  Faith makes you so.  And you must be ready to say no when that system tries to make you over or compromise your conduct.  I suspect Moses had a sense that God was going to use him; a sense gathered from his deliverance (2:1-10).  Appl:  It is so with us.  Thus, it is a positive that Moses is by faith rejecting his worldly identity and is willing to suffer loss.  We fail here.  The second positive is that he identifies with his people.  Read 2:11 and notice the verbs he went out and he saw.  There is a sense of finality here.  Moses is going to take a stand.  Appl:  Some people try to straddle the fence all of their lives; it will ruin you.  God will put you in a circumstance in which you must take a stand.  And what Moses sees is the injustice borne by his people.  The text reads by his brothers.  Appl:  Identification with God’s people; this is family so get involved.  I remind you that Christianity is not your own private affair; it is a corporate one.  You are placed in the body of Christ to serve.

3.  But the positives are not total.  Moses rejects the court to identify with the oppressed.  These are great and commendable, but they are not comprehensive and total.  Successes are neither final or total in this life.  We are flawed human beings.  Moses, in an attempt to break with the past and forge a link with his people, fails by overreaching.  He takes a path of violence which is forbidden.  When Christians see injustice, they should cry out and use non-violent means.  Read 2:12.  Appl:  In the Church today, we are using worldly means to achieve divine motives.  It does not work.  See 2 Corinthians 10:4 & Zechariah 4:6.  Illus:  Abraham and Hagar & Rebekah deceives Isaac.  It is a less to never forget who you are.

4.  And when Moses tries to use his violence to help his brothers, he is rejected and has to flee.  There is a dispute over whether Moses failed here or not.  I obviously think he did.  The author of Hebrews says he fled not fearing the king’s anger; therefore, the flight had to be based on his rejection by his countrymen.  See Hebrews 11:27.  Regardless, the author is not validating the act of violence.  I am merely affirming that he failed in the means he used. Appl:  rejection is part of preparation.

5.  The second part of the movement begins in vs. 16.  The reference to Midian is a tribal one.  They were nomadic and lived in the desert.  Moses flees there, takes a wife, and has sons.  He is there some forty years.  See Acts 7:30.  But I love what the author of the Book of Hebrews says.  He fled there by faith.  He still believed God had a plan for him.  I think the years were hard.  I suspect they were troubled and lonely years of confusion and dismay.  Appl:  reality of life.  But it is here that we learn that the failure is not final for God is not finished with him.  He is on the backside of a question mark playing what if games.  But he continues to trust God.  We think otherwise.  O my!  Times are hard.  I guess God has forgotten me or this is not the Christianity I want for myself.  In contrast, we are to walk by faith regardless of the times because they are in the hand of God.  The dynamic reference to the wilderness (Acts 7:30) means, for me, that despite his failure, God is not finished with him.  It is here that God will test and refine him.  It is here that God will prepare him.  We are much too fragile for this.  Who waits forty years for anything?  But by faith, we look to God and not the circumstances.  Faith is a conviction of things not seen.

6.  It is hard to be rejected.  It is hard to be forgotten.  Once again, the writer of Hebrews is instructive.  See Hebrews 11:27.  The NAS reads endured.  The verb can also be translated to be patient or steadfast.  In other words, he waited upon God for his time and his way.  Even Moses’ failure will not obviate God’s providence for God is not finished with him.  Ironically, he too is despised and rejected which is part of the resume of every deliverer.  Thus, God is at in a dark time in the life of his servant.  Illus:  Calvin, Pink.  I am reminded of the metaphor from the photographic studio that pictures are developed in the dark.  It is a good reminder.  It is a wonderful and redeeming thing to know that our failures are neither final nor terminal.  Moses knows this for he names his son Gershom meaning stranger or alien.  It is our heritage.  We too must wait upon the purposes of God.

7.  Lastly, it is instructive that our Lord was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.  See Matthew 4:1.  It was a foreboding place.  But God led him there.  He is there for 40 days.  By faith in his Father and the word, he conquers.  He is the ultimate deliverer!

Exodus 2:23-25

 

I.   Introduction

There are many questions that perplex us as Christians.  “Why” is certainly one of them.  Why does God act?    The answer is here.

II.  God remembers his covenant with Abraham.

1.  We have seen no explicit reference to God in the provision and preparation of a deliverer.  This text will change that.  God will now take center stage.  It is really a summary text that turns us backward to God’s promise to Abraham, and with this, forward with the basis of his promise to deliver.  The promise is the Abrahamic covenant.  The act of deliverance is but his promise to Abraham. 

2.  The first part of the text begins with actions by the sons of Abraham.  Read vs. 23.  They cry out … and their cry rose up to God.  It is a great picture of petition or prayer.  They are in distress.  They turn to Elohim.  The name is particularly tied to God as Creator (contra Yahweh).  In other words, he can create deliverance.  It is of particular significance because Moses is indisposed.  He tried and failed at deliverance.  God can and will, and he will re-create Moses to be the agent of his deliverance.  The initiative of Moses failed.  The divine will not.  This text enforces this simple truth.

3.  The text also reads the sons of Israel cried out.  Sons petition.  They ask their father.  Beyond their distress, what is the theological basis of their petition?  The next verse will tell us; God’s covenant with Abraham.  And this is why God will act.  I do not wish to minimize their prayer.  Prayer does turn God but only consistent with his nature and character.  In this case, consistent with his promise to their forefather.  In other words, God turns only because he was predisposed within himself to turn based upon the covenant he made with Abraham.  This is why we pray.  We ask him to do what he has already said he will do. 

4.  The covenant, therefore, is central to deliverance.  We find it everywhere.  In Genesis, Moses is tracing the lineage of the sons of God.  It is particularized with Abraham.  See Genesis 12:1-3 and 15:12-18.  The latter text is significant because the contract made between the two parties is executed by just one of them to insure a perpetual unbroken promise of fulfillment.  The words of vs. 18 made a covenant are literally cut a covenant.  In the ANE, animals were divided.  See vs. 10.  The parties would walk between the two halves to seal the contract.  The symbolism was that whoever broke the contract would be cut just like the animals.  Before the two parties sign, God puts Abraham to sleep (vs. 12).  And God ratifies the covenant himself and makes Abraham the heir unconditionally.  The covenant is rehearsed with Isaac (26:3-4), Jacob (28:13), and Joseph (49:22ff).  It skips to the successive generations of the sons of Abraham.  See Psalm 105:8-9, 42.  It comes to us through Jesus Christ.  See Luke 1:54-55 (Christ) 72-73, Galatians 3:7-9, 4:28, and Ephesians 2:12f.  Abraham stops at Christ.  The covenant is now between Son and Father.  Appl:  Gospel.

5.  In our text (24-25), what follows are four verbs with the same subject repeated for emphasis.  God (Elohim) heard, remembered, saw, and took notice or literally knew.  The appearance is that God is detached and aloof.  He has forgotten and needs to be updated on their condition.  Once he learns it, he will act.  But this is the human perspective from which Moses wrote.  We must impose the whole of the divine person upon it to see its beauty.  He hears their prayer not because he is ignorant of their distress and needs their information.  He remembers the covenant words he spoke to Abraham and says now is the time.  God does not forget.  He knows all things actual and possible in one eternal act.  Therefore, he remembers not because he has forgotten but only because now is the time for him to begin to fulfill his covenant through Moses.  He saw and knows not because he looks down from his throne and gains information about their plight.  He knows because he decreed deliverance to Abraham and now undertakes to act upon his decree.  It is written this way as if heaven is saying “now.”  And it all serves as a prelude to the call of Moses in chapter three.

6.  Now, I do not wish to minimize the human perspective.  God’s people are always praying for deliverance.  We ask God to remember us.  We now know that it is not because he has forgotten us.  We must engage the human.  But the divine governs reality.  And God has answered our prayers in Christ and because of our covenantal identity in him.

7.  But the greater reality is why he remembers us at all?  The answer is his covenant.  See Genesis 8:1 (covenant with Noah/symbolism of re-creation), Genesis 19:29 (saves Lot because of Abraham), Genesis 30:22 (had to be because of the promise of a son through Abraham), and Ephesians 1:4-5 (covenant of grace).  The why, therefore, is God’s word to himself.  It is the cause of all of his actions.

8.  And this morning we will remember his grace to us in the new covenant inaugurated by his Son.  Why does he save us?  Christ.  What is the basis of his salvation to us?  Christ.  He remembers us in him, and we in turn remember him in his sacrament!

 

 

 

Exodus 3:1-12

 

I.   Introduction

Our passage is the historic call of Moses with a promise.  But it is living history for each of us because the same person and word come to us.

II. God calls Moses with a promise.

1.  Our text is a part of the larger section continuing through chapter four of the commission of Moses as the deliverer of the people of God.  I take these verses to represent the call of God.  The text is divided in vs. 1-6 with the divine presence and identity (what and who); vs. 7-12 is the proclamation of the presence (said).

2.  It is instructive for each of us that Moses has been in the wilderness for forty years.  I think the years were hard on Moses.  I think he has abandoned any sense that he is the deliverer he once thought he was.  I think the years have stripped him of his confidence.  It is the way of God.  God does not need Moses’ strength, court education, or strategy because God does not compete with our identity.  See I Corinthians 1:26-29.  Appl:  humility.

3.  What is this?  The text reads an angel of the Lord appears in a blazing fire in the midst of a bush.  The miracle is that the bush was not consumed (literally eaten).  It turns Moses to investigate. 

4.  The messenger calls to Moses.  And Moses responds.  Here I am.  What does the bush represent?  I take it as a mobile temple in microcosm perhaps foreshadowing the tabernacle (AF1).  First, there is the holy ground.  Temples are holy places because God is present.  Furthermore, the location is the mountain of God.  Horeb is the same as Sinai where God will meet with Moses.   God lives on mountains.  God lives on Mount Zion (Isaiah 8:18, Revelation 14:1).   Illus:  Mount Olympus (borrowed concept from us).  The word for fire is also instructive.  This word is predominately used in contexts of either God’s revelation of himself or man’s approach to God in worship and sacrifice.  The tree or bush is a type of the golden lampstand as a microcosm itself of the tabernacle.  The angel is a theophany (theos + epiphany); the text identifies God as speaking.  The word is literally messenger; thus, the messenger represents the heavenly court.  Because of this, I take the angel to be the pre-incarnate Christ.  The NT confirms this. More particularly, God meets with us in a temple.  Illus:  He meets with us in Jesus Christ who is the temple of God. 

5.  The covenant God is breaking into history in the pre-incarnate Christ. 

And Moses responds with worship.  He hides his face in fear.  It is instinctive.  Appl:  we are losing the fear of the Lord.

6.  We now know who and what has confronted Moses.  God has called from a mobile temple representing the heavenly court.  And what follows in 7-12 is the proclamation of the court.  In vs. 7, there are three verbs:  seen, heard, know.  They are the exact verbs of 2:24-25 meaning the same God that appeared to Abraham.  Illus:  no change in person or form.  Thus, God has come down to deliver and to bring them to the covenant land of promise.  It confirms that deliverance is tied to the covenant.  The deliverance is from Egypt and to a garden land.  See vs. 8.  God is starting over with a corporate Adam.  See 19:6.  The significance is that what God is about to do is tied to what he said he would do.  The other part of the proclamation is in vs. 10.  Read 3:10.  While Moses has forgotten, God has not.

7.  In 11, Moses responds in abject humility.  Who am I?  I am a nobody.  In other words, I cannot deliver.  I am unable, ill equipped, ill clad, mal educated, and ill suited to go up against the most powerful man in the world.

8.  And the last proclamation is the climax.  I will be with you.  I will bring you back here to worship at this same mountain.  It is a twofold promise breaching present and future.  But the key is the divine presence.  Moses does not need any ability, equipment, clothing and stature, a new education, and training to take on Pharaoh.  All he needs is God because God is going to do it with Moses as the means or instrument of the divine power; a man forgotten by the nation but not by God.  And God says, serve me! Appl:

9.  The crowning proof that this is Christ is that he is the lampstand.  I am the light of the world.  In 3:14, he identifies himself as I am.  John continually uses this.  Lastly, the promise in Matthew 28:20, “I am with you,” is an allusion to the theophany to Moses in Exodus 3:12.  The contexts are parallel:  call and commission with promise.  When Moses responds in Exodus 3 with “who am I that I should bring . . . , God answers, “I will be with you.”  Moses is about to go into the court of Pharaoh to secure deliverance by the divine word.  But he goes with the promise (2:23-25) that is unalterable and unassailable by the court of man.  It does not mean that he will not experience trouble.  But he will not fail; deliverance is certain.  Likewise, the apostles are sent to the court of the world to deliver their commission.  The promise is the same.  As Yahweh was with Moses, Jesus is with us; furthermore, they are one and the same.  The success of Moses is predictive of ours.  The word will have success, and the reason is the divine presence.  In and of ourselves, we are, like Moses, not able, but the divine presence enables us.  I find it immensely satisfying that Jesus has gone before us and is now with us; the greater Moses who will not fail himself.  In Temple and Word, Moses recovers his historic identity/mission.  We do too!  What, who, said merge for us in Christ.  Go with him and about him.

Exodus 3:13-22

 

I.   Introduction

The call of God to Moses is parallel to our calling.  The Great Commission is confirmation of this.  Like Moses, we have questions.  And God has answers.

II. God answers Moses’ objection with divine attributes, name, & promises.

1.  Moses objects to the call of God; it may be that it began in vs. 11 with the question “who am I?”  Regardless, there is resistance here, and it will continue.  It is not a good thing!  It is the way of man.  We turn slowly.  We are consumed with thoughts of self-interest.  We have our own agenda.  But God is gracious.  He answers Moses.  They answer our questions as well.

2.  The answer to this objection is twofold.  The first is the identity of God (13-15) and the second is the promises of God (16-22).

3.  The identity of God is essential as an answer.  Really, the “who” is paramount.  God must be greater than anything we could ever imagine.  His identity must be compelling and riveting.  When times are hard and the answers are no, it is this that that dispels discouragement and incites perseverance.  God calls us to be ambassadors to a hostile court, to witness, to disciple, to teach, and to baptize.  And knowing who God is sustains us.  See Daniel 11:32. 

4.  The answer God gives to “who” is also twofold.  The first part is the nature of God.  Read vs. 14.  The Hebrew verb used here is the basis for what we call the Tetragrammaton or YHWH (4 letters).  When we add the vowels, we have the name Yahweh or the name most used to reference to covenant God of Israel.  The name was considered so sacred that the ancients would recite Adonai or Lord in its place.  But really it is a verb.  “I am” is the 1st person singular present tense of the “to be” verb.  In the MT, it is in the future tense although translated as a present because the future can also delineate continuous action.  In this sense, the statement conveys the nature of our God or essential attributes of God.  The verb expresses the self-existence of God.  No one but God self exists.  It expresses the independent existence of God.  All save him have a dependent existence.  It expresses the immutable and eternal existence of God.  God does not change.  We mutate and exist physically but for a season.  God is forever.  As such, the nature of God commands and compels us.  Appl:  Attributes of God.

5.  In vs. 15, we have the name of God:  Yahweh Elohim of your fathers and the patriarchs of the nation.  It is a summons of covenantal identity and the promises made to Abraham.  As such, the revelation means they are on the eve of fulfillment.  The long wait is over.  The text references the eternality of the name and timeless identity.  As such, it conveys his faithfulness to fulfill what he promises.  The verbal form is identical to that of 3:12; thus, presence is equated with identity.  And this is the God who will be with Moses as he prosecutes his call.  It is so with us.  See Matthew 28:20. 

6.  If this is who God is, then what will he do.  In 16-22, he promises Moses.  The connection is imperative.  Because who he is, he will do what he says.  This is not a maybe or I’ll try with my best shot.  The future is his as he alone can will what he promises.  Fulfillment is certain.  In rapid fire order, he promises deliverance from Egypt to a garden land (17), deliverance by might and power (18-20), and restitution for their forced labor (21-22).  They all stress sovereignty, but the latter is compelling as it deals with the heart of the individual!  He moves the Egyptians to enrich the Israelis. 

7.  For us, Moses is gone.  But God is not.  Our summons is not on the strategic level as Moses, but God nonetheless calls and commission us to represent him.  What will sustain us in the hardship?  The same as Moses:  the nature and identity of Christ and his promises to us.  In fact, Christ is the one speaking with Moses.  The LXX of Exodus 3:14 reads ego eimi.  I am.  It is a favorite designation of Christ to refer to himself.  I am.  Anyone familiar with the encounter in Exodus would make this association.  In effect, we should come away from this text with the fact that Christ was the theophany of Exodus 3.  He is the ultimate deliverer, and cause of it all.  Then and now.  See John 4:25-26 (woman at the well), John 6:20 (walking on sea!), John 6:35 (living bread/manna), John 8:12 (light of world [pillar of fire]), John 8:58 (explicit claim to deity), John 9:5 (healing of the blind man/evidence of the new creation), John 11:25 (resurrection now and hereafter), John 14:6 (true Israel), John 18:5-6 (at his arrest the identity initially presses the soldiers to retreat), and 18:37 (king). 

8.  And what does he promises.  The divine presence.  But there is a land promise as well.  See Hebrews 11:10, 16.  If the power of Christ was displayed in the plagues of Egypt, then think of the power we have “seen.”  There is the resurrection displaying his conquest over the grave.  There is Pentecost where the old order was dissolved.  There is the Spirit who gives us life.  For plunder, God does give us daily bread.  But the best is yet to come.  See I Corinthians 2:9.

9.  So what objections do we have?  The questions have a way of dissolving in light of who Christ is and what he is and will do.  It is enough.  Let us depart and be faithful to his calling.  And when we are weary, let us remember this as God’s identity and promise are the answer to our objections.

 

summer

summer

condition time

time

shout tire

tire

fight bit

bit

slip meant

meant

earth as

as

us the

the

take where

where

separate run

run

old instrument

instrument

move letter

letter

operate group

group

fish then

then

wheel experience

experience

stand with

with

notice chief

chief

forest green

green

guess weight

weight

present east

east

snow match

match

dead plain

plain

include try

try

call love

love

mouth ice

ice

sudden morning

morning

bear major

major

nose among

among

live course

course

shape rail

rail

fit coast

coast

care double

double

under enter

enter

student consider

consider

rather want

want

least soft

soft

out sing

sing

rich sheet

sheet

teeth how

how

length divide

divide

wave chord

chord

desert ocean

ocean

their father

father

as three

three

week anger

anger

energy lie

lie

state better

better

speed high

high

track ease

ease

practice huge

huge

occur never

never

cotton fast

fast

ease fraction

fraction

ball lift

lift

shout you

you

claim a

a

language party

party

wonder melody

melody

fast men

men

children rock

rock

nor wheel

wheel

shine
pictures of st gall

pictures of st gall

book zac efron drawings

zac efron drawings

degree artemis fowl cover codes

artemis fowl cover codes

most westcot forge

westcot forge

glass joel scherr

joel scherr

camp esther and sculpture

esther and sculpture

spell 2248 jaw

2248 jaw

common will sperduto

will sperduto

new maitland florida newspapers

maitland florida newspapers

rail continuum john mayer mp3

continuum john mayer mp3

nothing garmin mount subaru

garmin mount subaru

hope brothers leagues club cairns

brothers leagues club cairns

hurry ontario goverrnment

ontario goverrnment

material gail imrie

gail imrie

track virginia medicaid office

virginia medicaid office

case con of police brutality

con of police brutality

better review sig sauer moquito

review sig sauer moquito

order cabin baggage allowances australia

cabin baggage allowances australia

must ashland fireworks

ashland fireworks

depend wetlands pride

wetlands pride

join map of wainfleet dunnville

map of wainfleet dunnville

copy lamont alberta edwin

lamont alberta edwin

middle lost jack s surfboards

lost jack s surfboards

night nissan 240sx gauge pod

nissan 240sx gauge pod

surprise heel cord tenotomy

heel cord tenotomy

dictionary low budget musicals

low budget musicals

mine rx 300 supercharger

rx 300 supercharger

interest south mach christchurch

south mach christchurch

experience fleece couch sacks

fleece couch sacks

blood headboard rattan

headboard rattan

so optiplex 745 cd rom cable

optiplex 745 cd rom cable

here bayley iii and reviews

bayley iii and reviews

my galvanized bag ties

galvanized bag ties

system isabelle y liberman

isabelle y liberman

moment yairi model 650 guitar

yairi model 650 guitar

fruit nology coils

nology coils

large tsetse flys in africa

tsetse flys in africa

hole cashbox backissues

cashbox backissues

consonant tv12 nc

tv12 nc

either count des geneys

count des geneys

exact keyskills 4u

keyskills 4u

cover brain jessel bmw

brain jessel bmw

bear nbc wncn tv news

nbc wncn tv news

rock nascr sunday

nascr sunday

well hole tablet punches

hole tablet punches

show zajac victor victoria aires

zajac victor victoria aires

double camper curtains and furniture

camper curtains and furniture

certain lynette shy

lynette shy

begin buffalo website terastation

buffalo website terastation

region the goodwin sands

the goodwin sands

natural gene bayless real estate

gene bayless real estate

star sterling alaska tesoro

sterling alaska tesoro

cook locking hemostat

locking hemostat

he fix braun shavers

fix braun shavers

game underground railroad 1825 ct

underground railroad 1825 ct

cause steeve body australia

steeve body australia

minute matthew pitera eugene roth

matthew pitera eugene roth

shoe copely eye clinic orlando

copely eye clinic orlando

gentle cga division ratings

cga division ratings

sure charles fleming katrina indictment

charles fleming katrina indictment

main misquamicut ri activites

misquamicut ri activites

thought hansford butler and mississippi

hansford butler and mississippi

dear adele early bird

adele early bird

neck wx 30 keyboard wurlitzer

wx 30 keyboard wurlitzer

street rpm motorsales

rpm motorsales

design paper curl flatening

paper curl flatening

evening song bac phong van

song bac phong van

provide christopher gorham wallpaper

christopher gorham wallpaper

allow serie zseries

serie zseries

now marital financial liability

marital financial liability

fact cologne perfume pheremone

cologne perfume pheremone

water 7812 as adjustable regulator

7812 as adjustable regulator

too find pgt window dealer

find pgt window dealer

rose texas strange laws

texas strange laws

behind whitefeather writing workshop

whitefeather writing workshop

book goya series of etchings

goya series of etchings

busy thomas shepard speed

thomas shepard speed

fresh painted bombe

painted bombe

but butt hut lima ohio

butt hut lima ohio

may tunbridge overture

tunbridge overture

bed climax of the aztecs

climax of the aztecs

rather brandan allison watts

brandan allison watts

coast l h roy nail

l h roy nail

inch image 825 elliptical

image 825 elliptical

case boyo moving

boyo moving

save used chevy trucks

used chevy trucks

column lfk lily model

lfk lily model

modern musical whodunnit

musical whodunnit

spot huge insersion

huge insersion

fig exertion related leukocytosis

exertion related leukocytosis

place opa greek tavern halifax

opa greek tavern halifax

some cumprinc mathematical formula equation

cumprinc mathematical formula equation

order outback travel trailer thor

outback travel trailer thor

together hermann goering and interview

hermann goering and interview

ear definition frenectomy

definition frenectomy

their primitive pieces

primitive pieces

tiny color heat tranfer

color heat tranfer

drop lacoste polo shirt woman

lacoste polo shirt woman

quiet rto voc control

rto voc control

general ladder step spacing building

ladder step spacing building

caught veltec usa

veltec usa

problem british shorthair rescue

british shorthair rescue

iron ringtones for cingluar

ringtones for cingluar

meat wiring diagram caravan battery

wiring diagram caravan battery

point cruises from greenock

cruises from greenock

age cray computer stock drop

cray computer stock drop

favor odometer when invented franklin

odometer when invented franklin

hour demographics warehouse club shopper

demographics warehouse club shopper

rub cpt 82307

cpt 82307

is alkalinity decrease

alkalinity decrease

door barnyard nursery

barnyard nursery

force fondue apparel

fondue apparel

large vienna hand painting

vienna hand painting

love lilli beals

lilli beals

reason mare and colt clipart

mare and colt clipart

late sperling slater p c

sperling slater p c

beauty tracy palacios

tracy palacios

they munroe stormcrow

munroe stormcrow

beat mosque spokane

mosque spokane

speech zafari accessories

zafari accessories

wrong smal farm statistics

smal farm statistics

noon ctc flp

ctc flp

stone speakers visonik

speakers visonik

pattern provence and snakes

provence and snakes

agree kari didario smith

kari didario smith

cut yorkshire pakistani call girls

yorkshire pakistani call girls

drive dr michel trudel

dr michel trudel

they jane asbridge

jane asbridge

tree camp highroads

camp highroads

try seals maytag gas engine

seals maytag gas engine

toward steve anuszewski

steve anuszewski

before neelly bridge glen lyn

neelly bridge glen lyn

let cassone metallico fornitura

cassone metallico fornitura

was sara s beachcomber campground

sara s beachcomber campground

please bancho

bancho

drive platter frosted glass deer

platter frosted glass deer

after slant fin expansion cradles

slant fin expansion cradles

few obituaries and trenton tn

obituaries and trenton tn

pattern career powerpoint presentations archives

career powerpoint presentations archives

took zach birkey

zach birkey

tube ankom fiber

ankom fiber

result unlock files mac

unlock files mac

sight balance 56 snowboard

balance 56 snowboard

direct traitor geoff adams

traitor geoff adams

noise steven lee swanson

steven lee swanson

here kenosha morrison

kenosha morrison

son palit 7600gt agp overclock

palit 7600gt agp overclock

happen bulk byzantine chain

bulk byzantine chain

ice apocalypse christian tracts

apocalypse christian tracts

chair go to church zshare

go to church zshare

home morrowind pumaman

morrowind pumaman

country partial 2p duplication

partial 2p duplication

quart hanging garment drying rack

hanging garment drying rack

this altiris asset management

altiris asset management

between austrian food 1770 1827

austrian food 1770 1827

indicate shoprite children cooking class

shoprite children cooking class

teeth miele sellers rated

miele sellers rated

quick roxan corrosion

roxan corrosion

base large texaco tins

large texaco tins

sudden jegs performance employee discount

jegs performance employee discount

second unfinished chest boxes

unfinished chest boxes

tiny jean p sasson

jean p sasson

dream wwin stock price

wwin stock price

lone aashto john horsley

aashto john horsley

care yagoon time pro

yagoon time pro

similar renew versa pak

renew versa pak

cry